Long COVID—officially known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)—refers to the lingering symptoms that continue weeks or even months after recovering from an initial COVID-19 infection.

While many people bounce back within a few weeks, others, including those with mild or asymptomatic cases, experience long-term health issues that disrupt daily life.

Researchers are still uncovering what causes Long COVID, though it’s thought to stem from a combination of immune response, viral persistence, and other biological factors.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Long COVID

Long COVID can be difficult to diagnose due to its wide range of symptoms and the fact that these symptoms often come and go. Early recognition and medical support are vital for proper management.

1. Persistent Fatigue
One of the hallmark signs, fatigue linked to Long COVID is more than just tiredness—it’s a deep, lingering exhaustion that rest doesn’t relieve. It can severely affect everyday tasks and is often coupled with low energy or muscle weakness.

2. Shortness of Breath
This symptom can appear during activity or even at rest. If breathing becomes increasingly difficult or interferes with your routine, it’s important to get medical attention and rule out more serious issues.

3. Brain Fog and Cognitive Changes
Many Long COVID patients report memory issues, difficulty concentrating, or a general mental haze. Keeping a journal of these experiences can help describe the extent of the problem when speaking with healthcare professionals.

4. Chest Pain
Chest pain should always be taken seriously. It may come with palpitations or breathlessness. Monitoring how often it happens and its severity helps doctors evaluate the situation. Seek urgent care if pain is severe or persistent.