Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the joints—especially in the hands, wrists, feet, and ankles. Over time, it can damage cartilage and bone, leading to joint deformity, reduced mobility, and pain during everyday activities like gripping, walking, or even wearing shoes.
What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
RA is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissues, especially the synovial membrane—the layer that produces lubricating fluid. This triggers inflammation, which thickens the membrane and gradually erodes cartilage and bone. Larger joints like knees and shoulders can also be affected in advanced stages.
In some rare forms, RA may involve internal organs or cause systemic complications like Felty’s syndrome (low white blood cells with spleen enlargement) or Caplan syndrome (lung involvement).
Symptoms to Watch For
RA typically affects joints on both sides of the body. Early signs often include:
- Persistent joint pain, swelling, and stiffness—especially in the morning (lasting over 30 minutes)
- Symmetrical involvement of small joints in the fingers, hands, and feet
- Limited movement or discomfort in daily tasks
As the disease progresses, other signs may develop:
