Night cramps—those sudden, painful muscle contractions that jolt people awake—are a common yet frustrating issue.

While anyone can experience them, some groups are far more vulnerable. Understanding who is most at risk and the reasons behind these cramps can make prevention and treatment easier.

1. Older Adults

Age is one of the strongest predictors of night cramps. Research shows that nearly one in three people over 60 suffer from them regularly. With age, muscles naturally lose elasticity and flexibility, while nerve function declines, disrupting how signals reach the muscles. Circulation also becomes less efficient, reducing blood flow to the legs and feet—the areas most often affected. This combination of muscle changes, nerve sensitivity, and slower circulation explains why seniors are particularly prone to these painful nighttime spasms.

2. Pregnant Women

Pregnancy is another major risk factor. Many expectant mothers experience leg cramps, especially in the second and third trimesters. The cause isn’t entirely clear, but several factors play a role. Extra weight places greater pressure on muscles and veins, while hormonal changes can affect how the body manages fluids and electrolytes, sometimes leading to imbalances in magnesium, calcium, or potassium. Shifts in blood circulation during pregnancy may also make muscles more prone to cramping. For many women, these cramps become one of the most disruptive sleep issues of pregnancy.