There are also forms known as physical or inducible urticaria, where welts are triggered by specific environmental factors:

Dermographism: Hives from rubbing or scratching the skin

Cold Urticaria: Triggered by cold exposure

Pressure Urticaria: Caused by prolonged pressure, like from tight clothing

Solar Urticaria: Triggered by sunlight

Cholinergic Urticaria: Appears after increased body temperature, such as from exercise or hot baths

Common Triggers

Acute urticaria can result from:

• Allergic Reactions: To foods (like shellfish, eggs, or nuts), medications (e.g., antibiotics or NSAIDs), insect stings, or latex
• Infections: Such as strep throat or viruses like hepatitis
• Environmental stimuli: Including heat, cold, pressure, or sunlight
• Emotional Stress: Not a direct cause, but can worsen symptoms

For chronic cases, a specific cause is often hard to pinpoint. Many are believed to be autoimmune in nature, where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks mast cells.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Urticaria is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history and a physical exam. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and, when possible, avoid known triggers.

• Antihistamines: These are the first line of defense, helping to reduce itching and hive formation
• Corticosteroids: Prescribed for more severe or persistent cases to reduce inflammation
• Trigger Avoidance: If a specific cause is identified, steering clear of it is key to preventing recurrence

While urticaria can be uncomfortable and disruptive, most cases are manageable with proper care and attention to potential triggers.